Social Determinants of Health in Urban Populations: A Comparative Study of Low- and High-Income Urban Areas

Abstract

Urbanization is a global phenomenon that significantly impacts public health. The social determinants of health (SDH) in urban populations include a variety of factors such as income, education, employment, social support, and access to healthcare, which influence the overall well-being of individuals. In urban settings, these determinants vary considerably between high-income and low-income populations, leading to disparities in health outcomes. This article explores the role of SDH in urban populations, with a focus on the effects of urbanization on public health in both developed and developing nations, including a case study from Pakistan and China. It also discusses strategies for addressing health inequities in urban environments and offers policy recommendations for improving health outcomes in urban areas.