Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease Epidemiology: Impact, Challenges, and Policy Interventions

Abstract

Climate change has become a global threat, influencing various environmental and public health factors. One of the most significant consequences of climate change is its impact on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events alter the dynamics of vector populations and human exposure, thereby affecting the incidence and spread of diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika. This article explores the relationship between climate change and vector-borne diseases, examines the key factors driving their transmission, and highlights the challenges and opportunities in controlling these diseases. It also presents policy recommendations for mitigating the impact of climate change on public health, particularly in regions most vulnerable to these changes, including Pakistan and China.